INFORMATION science is concerned with searching AND RETRIEVAL of text AND other INFORMATION, mostly in electronic databases AND on the Internet. In this new era the traditional subject classification is facing many problems. This paper addresses the problem of traditional subject classification. First of all it states the fundamental features of the subject classification. Then the structural limitation that constrains traditional subject classification from different approaches such as incommensurability thesis, knowledge structure, fuzzy logic AND hypertext SYSTEM has been analyzed.

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as the rights AND dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership AND COOPERATIVE social responsibility AND the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on COOPERATIVE social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on COOPERATIVE social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on COOPERATIVE social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Purpose: Libraries AND INFORMATION centers as INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs can develop with the adoption of cybernetics rules. This paper discusses SYSTEM dynamics, control, feedback, AND other cybernetic concepts especially in INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs.Methodology: This study is a review intending to find what Cybernetics AND LIS have in common especially in the field of INFORMATION RETRIEVAL.Findings: Cybernetics is the science of SYSTEMs.INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs like libraries AND INFORMATION centers can be improved by employing cybernetics principles.

Introduction: Evaluation of hospital INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS) is a complex endeavor, in which all human, technical AND organizational aspects should be considered. This study aimed to develop indicators for HIS evaluation.Methods: Present qualitative study was carried out through a cross-sectional method in 2012 in Kerman province, using Delphi technique. Given the objectives of this study, three independent phases were performed including literature review, providing draft indicators for HIS evaluation AND reaching consensus. Required data were obtained through interviews AND designed forms. Twenty-three experts composed the study population in interview AND reaching consensus phases. Validity AND reliability were confirmed through content validity AND test-retest method, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Final set of indicators for HIS evaluation consisted of ninety-one indicators under 8 main topics, i.e. technical quality, software quality, architecture AND interface quality, vendor quality, after-sale services quality, workflow support quality, support department, outcome quality AND HIS cost.Conclusion: Given the complexity of INFORMATION SYSTEM evaluation, all human, technical AND organizational aspects have to be taken into account in any evaluation. Proposed indicators provide the possibility of comprehensive evaluation of HIS.

Introduction: The main problem described by Wittgenstein is language, which initially conceives language as the illustrator of the facts AND later in its second philosophical period, as a form of life. This paper seeks to analyze the dimensions of INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL in light of Wittgenstein's picture AND language games theories. Methodology: Wittgenstein's analytical method used in both of his books is a method of analysis or argumentation AND a conceptual-linguistic method. This research was carried out by using analytical method AND literature review. INFORMATION was gathered by searching for printed AND electronic sources (related articles AND books). Findings: Analysis of the INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs from texture, knowledge representation, indexing, spoken communities, natural language, meaning AND relevance AND access to content dimensions showed that the INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs in the realization of their main goal, which is the transfer of INFORMATION from the source of INFORMATION to the searcher is faced with fundamental semantic problems. The INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM that provides well access to INFORMATION does not function well in access to the intellectual content. Conclusion: The process of analyzes AND basic assumptions in the INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs implies that the INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs are designed based on the search indexes AND expressions with static meanings AND the rule of the individualism AND subjectivity approach influenced by the picture theory of language. But the text as the source of INFORMATION that feeds the INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM is no longer the area of language games, AND it is impossible to conceive of what the indexing SYSTEM considered constant conceptions for the text as the ultimate AND definitive meaning of the text.

Rapid expansion of web data containing spatial INFORMATION requires new approaches which are capable of huge data hANDling. Semantic web paradigm offers appealing solutions for heterogeneous AND sporadic data sets by setting new AND different definitions of Data Base Management SYSTEMs (DBMS). On the other hAND, due to various understANDing of place among different individuals, there are many criteria for cognition of place AND place categories, so these different criteria lead to more distinctive annotations (so-called affordance) for Points Of Interest (POI) modeling. The design of specific schemas for these types of POI’s affordances is heinous in relational DBMS while spatial semantic modeling through graph DBMS expedites deployment of affordance-based STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL frameworks. In this study, available specifications AND technologies related to spatial semantic functionalities are addressed AND the current state of spatial semantic data formatting AND interpretation is presented. The designed INFORMATION SYSTEM utilizes semantic web specifications to store AND retrieve affordance-based POI’s INFORMATION AND a sample data set is used for applicability of the SYSTEM. In order to evaluate achieved results, retrieved data by spatial semantic queries are compared to similar INFORMATION in relational data bases, therefore spatial data loading in GDBMSs AND RDBMSs are compared AND results are analyzed.

Objective(s): Taking the importance of end-users' satisfaction in the overall success of a HIS, this study was performed to assess their attitudes in different hospitals in Tehran.Methods: Interviews were made with officials of 20 hospitals in Tehran. Research tool was a questionnaire in 8 parts. Results: Sixty three officials entered into the study. The average age was 40.7 years AND 62.1% were male. 80.5% of the respondents indicated that they were satisfied or very satisfied with HIS in their hospitals. In general several factors found to be important to the HIS users. These were: better communication AND quicker AND more effective access to data, reports AND outputs, organization management, resources, proper training for managers AND users, compliance assessment inside the organization, ease of learning AND implementation, effective support, AND ease of use. Conclusion: The development of hospital INFORMATION SYSTEMs in Iran is in its early stages AND despite their considerable progresses during recent years, they still require more investment in order to satisfy the administrators' AND end users' expections.

Purpose: This article proposes an optimal model based on expert opinions by modeling variance-based structural equations.Method: A Delphi panel AND quantitative confirmatory factor analysis were utilized  Data collecting tool was  questionnaire. Twelve specialists in the field of application of Semantic Web technologies participated in the study. Variance-based structural equations AND partial least squares modeling were carried out for data analysis using Smart PLS softwareFindings: Conceptual model of usability of semantic web technologies in library INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMs indicated semantic web technologies could be employed for four acquisition, organizing, OPAC, AND user profile sections. The test of the conceptual model was run in three steps by estimating the goodness-of-fit indexes for the measurement model, the structural model, AND the overall model. In fitting the measurement model, analysis of the factor loads for the items of each component showed that one item of the organization component AND one item of the OPAC component with a factor load of less than 0.4 were removed. The result of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 18 items out of 20 in the questionnaire.  Cronbach's alpha reliability AND combined reliability ensured the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha values AND the combined reliability were equal to AND higher than 0.7, confirming the optimal reliability of the questionnaire. Significant relationships  were noticed between the following: 1) ontology+ SKOS + linked data AND organization, acquisition, AND OPAC components to perform activities such as organizing AND managing knowledge, 2) links between metadata; links between related resources, 3) conversion of bibliographic INFORMATION to RDF format, 4) dissemination AND sharing of data, 5) user-friendly interfaces< 6) lexical control, 7) user query expansion. Meaningful ranking of search results according to user INFORMATION needs AND significant relationships between FOAF + linked data in the OPAC components confirmed the optimal fit of the structural model.  Overall fit of the model to control the measurement model AND the structural model was equal to 0.64, which shows that the fit of the overall model has a very high strength.Conclusion: Paying attention to the incorporating of Semantic Web technologies in the library INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM leads to the selection, STORAGE, organization, AND semantic RETRIEVAL of INFORMATION. It creates a semantic connection AND interaction between the user AND the library SYSTEM. As such, it provides a semantic response to the user’s INFORMATION needs. The acceptable goodness-of-fit of the proposed model confirmed the semanticization of library SYSTEMs AND probability of using capabilities of semantic web technologies.